Theoritical Framework

Explicitation

The term explicitation in translation was first defined by Vinay and Debelnet in 1958 and 1995 as a translation technique which makes explicit in the target text what remains implicit in the source text. Øverås (1998) defined explicitation as the kind of translation process where implicit, co-textually recoverable source text material is rendered explicit in the target text. Moreover, Øverås discovered that the frequency of explicitation in English-Norwegian translations is higher than in Norwegian-English translations.

Implicitation

Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) defined implicitation as “A stylistic translation technique which consists of making what is explicit in the source language implicit in the target language, relying on the context or the situation for conveying the meaning.” Implicitation occurs when a source language unit with a specific meaning is replaced by a TL unit with a more general meaning; when translators combine the meanings of several SL words in one TL word; when meaningful lexical elements of the SL text are dropped in the TL text; when two or more sentences in the ST are conjoined into one sentence in the TT; or when ST clauses are reduced to phrases in the TT, and so on.

Source-Language Shining Through

Source-language shining through occurs when translations are more oriented towards the source language than the target language, whereas normalization occurs when properties of the target language are adjusted, resulting in the overuse of its features in translations, and these two translation tendencies thus distinguish translations from original texts in the same language.